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Nitric acid
Name: Nitric acid
Chemical formula: HNO3
Application:
Nitric acid, esters (e.g., nitroglycerin) as well as nitro compounds (e.g., trinitrotoluene) are obtained from nitric acid. All of these compounds are oxidants and tend to have a violent, more or less explosive decomposition.
In analytical chemistry for the detection of proteins in the xantoprotein reaction.
In the pharmaceutical industry.
For cleaning metal surfaces, eg washing food industry equipment in the CIP process.
In amateur conditions, it is suitable for etching printed circuits (it does not leave troublesome contaminations that arise when etching with ferric chloride, otherwise the digestion with nitric acid is much faster).
For the preparation of dyes, varnishes, fertilizers and plastics.
As a fuel oxidant, also hypergolic. Usually in the form of red fuming nitric acid (obtained after the addition of 13-15% nitrogen nitride to white fuming nitric acid) with the addition of, e.g. 0.6% hydrogen fluoride, to reduce the corrosive effect; used, among others in missiles of Soviet anti-aircraft systems S-75 and S-200.
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